Septal involvement occurs in which type of cardiomyopathy?
A. Congestive
B. Dilated
C. Hypertrophic
D. Restrictive
Correct Answer: C. Hypertrophic
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy of the ventricular septum—not the ventricle chambers—is apparent. This abnormality isn’t seen in other types of cardiomyopathy. Ventricular hypertrophy results in a dynamic pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which is associated with further narrowing during systole.
Option A: Congestive cardiomyopathy is a clinical state in which an abnormality of ventricular myocardium results in impaired pump function and circulatory congestion. Multiple factors have been incriminated in the etiology and progression of the myocardial damage.
Option B: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by enlargement and dilation of one or both of the ventricles along with impaired contractility defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%. By definition, patients have systolic dysfunction and may or may not have overt symptoms of heart failure.
Option D: Restrictive cardiomyopathy indicates constrictive pericarditis; the underlying cause is usually myocardial. There are several causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy, including infiltrative diseases, storage diseases, and a variety of systemic diseases. Infiltrative diseases are pathologies that lead to a build-up of a substance in the myocardium.
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