Which of the following recurring conditions most commonly occurs in clients with cardiomyopathy?
A. Heart failure
B. Diabetes
C. MI
D. Pericardial effusion
Correct Answer: A. Heart failure
Because the structure and function of the heart muscle is affected, heart failure most commonly occurs in clients with cardiomyopathy. Heart failure can occur when the heart muscle is weak (systolic failure) or when it is stiff and unable to relax normally (diastolic failure). Cardiomyopathy, which means “disease of the heart muscle,” is one of many causes of heart failure.
Option B: One of the most devastating consequences of DM is its effect on cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Approximately two-thirds of those with DM will die from a myocardial infarction or stroke. In T2DM, fasting glucose of more than 100 mg/dL significantly contributes to the risk of ASCVD, and cardiovascular risk can develop before frank hyperglycemia.
Option C: MI results from prolonged myocardial ischemia due to reduced blood flow through one of the coronary arteries. Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a term that refers to the heart’s decreased ability to pump blood properly, due to myocardial damage brought upon by ischemia.
Option D: Pericardial effusion is most predominant in clients with pericarditis. Pericardial effusion is an acute or chronic accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space. Effusion can be transudative, exudative, or sanguineous. The pericardium has limited elasticity, and in acute settings, only 100 ml to 150 mL of fluid is necessary to cause cardiac tamponade.
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