Which of the following types of cardiomyopathy can be associated with childbirth?
A. Dilated
B. Hypertrophic
C. Myocarditis
D. Restrictive
Correct Answer: A. Dilated
Although the cause isn’t entirely known, cardiac dilation and heart failure may develop during the last month of pregnancy or the first few months after birth. The condition may result from a pre existing cardiomyopathy not apparent prior to pregnancy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), also known as postpartum cardiomyopathy, is an uncommon form of heart failure that happens during the last month of pregnancy or up to five months after giving birth. Cardiomyopathy literally means heart muscle disease.
Option B: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an abnormal symmetry of the ventricles that has an unknown etiology but a strong familial tendency. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic (autosomal dominant) heart muscle disease caused by a mutation in sarcomere protein genes which encodes for elements of the contractile machinery of the heart.
Option C: Myocarditis isn’t specifically associated with childbirth. It is believed that myocarditis (and its complications) are largely immune-mediated. For example, in infectious etiologies, the microbial agent gains entry through the respiratory or gastroenteric tract and then binds to its specific receptor in the heart. This leads to intracellular replication, resulting in cell damage and lysis.
Option D: Restrictive cardiomyopathy indicates constrictive pericarditis; the underlying cause is usually myocardial. There are several causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy, including infiltrative diseases, storage diseases, and a variety of systemic diseases. Infiltrative diseases are pathologies that lead to a build-up of a substance in the myocardium.
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