A clinical feature that distinguishes a hypoglycemic reaction from a ketoacidosis reaction is:
A. Blurred vision
B. Diaphoresis
C. Nausea
D. Weakness
Correct Answer: B. Diaphoresis
A hypoglycemic reaction activates a fight-or-flight response in the body which then triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in diaphoresis. Low blood sugars can affect activity in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is responsible for reactions that people cannot control, such as sweating and digestion. The cholinergic system is a part of the ANS, and it regulates the production of sweat and other secretions. Activation of this system can lead to sweating.
Option A: High levels of blood sugar resulting from diabetes can affect your ability to see by causing the lens inside the eye to swell, which can result in temporary blurring of eyesight. Blurring of vision may also occur as a result of very low blood sugar levels.
Option C: Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when blood sugar levels become very high, and ketones build up to dangerous levels in the blood. One common symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis is severe nausea. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can make a person feel nauseated.
Option D: Hypoglycemia can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, and, in severe cases, a loss of consciousness. Symptoms of hyperglycemia in DKA are common, including polyuria, polydipsia, and sometimes more severe presentations include unintentional weight loss, vomiting, weakness, and mentation changes.
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