When taking a health history, the nurse screens for manifestations suggestive of diabetes type 1. Which of the following manifestations are considered the primary manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus and would be most suggestive and require follow-up investigation?
A. Excessive intake of calories, rapid weight gain, and difficulty losing weight
B. An increase in three areas: thirst, intake of fluids, and hunger
C. Poor circulation, wound healing, and leg ulcers
D. Lack of energy, weight gain, and depression
Correct Answer: B. An increase in three areas: thirst, intake of fluids, and hunger
The primary manifestations of diabetes type 1 are polyuria (increased urine output), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger). Patients most commonly present hyperglycemic with polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Polyuria is secondary to osmotic diuresis, which is caused by hyperglycemia. Young children may present with nocturnal enuresis. Polydipsia is related to hyperosmolality and dehydration from increased urination.
Option A: Obesity is the result of an imbalance between daily energy intake and energy expenditure resulting in excessive weight gain. Obesity is a multifactorial disease, caused by a myriad of genetic, cultural, and societal factors.
Option C: People with uncontrolled diabetes may develop poor circulation. As circulation slows down, blood moves more slowly, which makes it more difficult for the body to deliver nutrients to wounds. As a result, the injuries heal slowly, or may not heal at all.
Option D: People with type 1 diabetes are at a heightened risk for mental health issues, including diabetes distress, depression, anxiety, and disordered eating. However, these are all treatable disorders.
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