The nurse is teaching a client regarding the administration of insulin as part of the discharge plan. Which of the following insulin has the most rapid onset of action?
A. insulin regular (Humulin R)
B. lispro (Admelog)
C. glargine (Toujeo)
D. insulin NPH (Humulin N)
Correct Answer: B. Lispro (Admelog)
Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that works within 15 minutes after injection, a peak of 30-90 minutes, and a duration of 2-4 hours. Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting, human insulin analog that works parenterally to lower blood glucose by regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It works by binding to a glycoprotein receptor specific to insulin on the surface of target cells.
Option A: Human regular (Humulin R) is a regular or short-acting insulin that usually reaches the bloodstream in 30 minutes, a peak of 2-3 hours, and a duration of 3 to 6 hours. Regular insulin, a short-acting human insulin, is a synthetic protein hormone, which, just as the naturally occurring endogenous insulin, exerts a wide range of physiologic effects.
Option C: Glargine (Toujeo) is ultra-long-acting insulin that reaches the bloodstream within 6 hours, has no peak, and duration 36 hours or longer. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin injected once daily and provides a basal level of insulin throughout the day. Regimens often combine it with rapid-acting insulin to obtain optimal glycemic control.
Option D: Insulin NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin that reaches the bloodstream about 2 to 4 hours after injection, a peak of 4-12 hours, and duration of 12-18 hours. NPH insulin is an isophane suspension of human insulin and is categorized as an intermediate-acting insulin. It helps increase the cellular intake of glucose in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles.
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