After an abdominal resection for colon cancer, Madeline returns to her room with a Jackson-Pratt drain in place. The purpose of the drain is to:
A. Irrigate the incision with a saline solution.
B. Prevent bacterial infection of the incision.
C. Measure the amount of fluid lost after surgery.
D. Prevent accumulation of drainage in the wound.
Correct Answer: D. Prevent accumulation of drainage in the wound.
A Jackson-Pratt drain promotes wound healing by allowing fluid to escape from the wound. JP drains are often placed in wounds during surgery to prevent the collection of fluid underneath the incision site. This is a closed, air-tight drainage system which operates by self-suction. The drain(s) promote healing by keeping excess pressure off the incision and decreasing the risk of infection.
Option A: JP drains do not irrigate the incision with saline solution. The drain is sutured (stitched) in place at the skin at the site of insertion to promote stability. Clots in the tubing are expected as long as they do not interfere with the drainage collection. The drain(s) is left in place until the drainage is approximately 30 cc’s or less (or 30 ml’s, or 1 ounce) per drain for each of 2 consecutive days.
Option B: It does not prevent bacterial infection. After surgery, there is continued oozing and shedding of cells and bodily fluids at the surgical site. The Jackson Pratt drain removes fluid and this removal of fluid speeds healing.
Option C: The drain will automatically suction fluid out when the bulb is compressed. The bulb has to be compressed very well and the drain tab has to be closed in order for the suction to work. When the bulb can maintain its compressed shape, it is a sign that suction is in effect.
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