Peptic ulcer disease may be caused by which of the following?
A. Helicobacter pylori
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Candida albicans
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: A. Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori is considered to be the major cause of ulcer formation. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has various causes; however, Helicobacter pylori-associated PUD and NSAID-associated PUD account for the majority of the disease etiology. H. pylorus is a gram-negative bacillus that is found within the gastric epithelial cells. This bacterium is responsible for 90% of duodenal ulcers and 70% to 90% of gastric ulcers. Other choices are not related to ulcer formation.
Option B: Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacterium that is the cause most implicated in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The emergence of a newer hypervirulent strain North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1) has been attributed to the increase in incidence and severity of C. difficile infections (CDI) over the last decade.
Option C: Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of fungal infections in people. Its species name, Albicans, comes from the Latin word for “white.” The yeast appears white when cultured on a plate. And in the case of certain infections, like thrush, it can create white patches.
Option D: Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous of all of the many common staphylococcal bacteria. These Gram-positive, sphere-shaped (coccal) bacteria often cause skin infections but can cause pneumonia, heart valve infections, and bone infections.
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