When planning home care for a client with hepatitis A, which preventive measure should be emphasized to protect the client’s family?
A. Keeping the client in complete isolation
B. Using good sanitation with dishes and shared bathrooms
C. Avoiding contact with blood-soiled clothing or dressing
D. Forbidding the sharing of needles or syringes
Correct Answer: B. Using good sanitation with dishes and shared bathrooms.
Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route or from contaminated water or food. Measures to protect the family include good handwashing, personal hygiene and sanitation, and the use of standard precautions. According to the WHO, the most effective way to prevent HAV infection is to improve sanitation, food safety, and immunization practices.
Option A: Complete isolation is not required. No specific treatment is needed for most patients with acute, uncomplicated HAV infection beyond supportive care. Complete recovery from symptoms may take several weeks to months.
Option C: HAV is most commonly transmitted through the oral-fecal route via exposure to contaminated food, water, or close physical contact with an infectious person. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infection rates in developed countries are low.
Option D: Avoiding the sharing of needles or syringes are precautions needed to prevent transmission of hepatitis B. Globally, the rates of HAV have decreased due to improvements in public healthcare policies, sanitation, and education, but infection rates of other hepatitis viruses appear to be increasing.
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