The nurse working in the physician’s office is reviewing lab results on the clients seen that day. One of the clients who has classic diabetic symptoms had an eight-hour fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test done. The nurse realizes that diagnostic criteria developed by the American Diabetes Association for diabetes include classic diabetic symptoms plus which of the following fasting plasma glucose levels?
A. Higher than 106 mg/dl
B. Higher than 126 mg/dl
C. Higher than 140 mg/dl
D. Higher than 160 mg/dl
Correct Answer: B. Higher than 126 mg/dl
Diabetes is diagnosed at a fasting blood glucose of greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl. Random venous blood glucose of at or above 11.1mmol/L (?200 mg/dL), or fasting blood glucose at or above 7 mmol/L (?126 mg/dL) on two or more separate occasions indicates the client is likely to have diabetes.
Option A: Prediabetes diagnosis includes impaired fasting glucose range of 5.6 to 6.9 mmol per L, or 100 to 125 mg/dL, or impaired (oral glucose tolerance test) glucose tolerance range at two hours post 75gram oral glucose ingestion of 7.8 to 11.0 mmol, or 140 to 199 mg/dL.
Options C and D: Further testing may involve an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis. Advice the client to eat and drink over 150 grams per day of carbohydrate foods for three days. The client will need to fast overnight for at least 8 to 16 hours before the test. A fasting blood sample is collected, and a sweet drink containing 75 grams of glucose is given to the client after the fasting blood sample collection. A further blood sample is collected at two hours following the consumption of the glucose drink.
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