Rotating injection sites when administering insulin prevents which of the following complications?
A. Insulin edema
B. Insulin lipodystrophy
C. Insulin resistance
D. Systemic allergic reactions
Correct Answer: B. Insulin lipodystrophy
Insulin lipodystrophy produces fatty masses at the injection sites, causing unpredictable absorption of insulin injected into these sites. Lipodystrophy is associated with increased glycemic variability and unexplained episodes of hypoglycemia further driving up healthcare costs while affecting patient compliance. Studies have shown that the correct rotation technique of insulin sites has the strongest protective value in preventing lipohypertrophy.
Option A: Peripheral or generalized edema is an extremely rare complication of insulin therapy, which mostly occurs after the initiation of intensive insulin therapy. Despite the essential role of insulin therapy in the management of patients with insulin deficiency, insulin itself may lead to adverse effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain. Additionally, crucial fluid retention can also occur rarely, resulting in an edematous condition.
Option C: Insulin resistance is identified as an impaired biologic response to insulin stimulation of target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance impairs glucose disposal, resulting in a compensatory increase in beta-cell insulin production and hyperinsulinemia.
Option D: Hypoglycemia is, by far, the most common adverse effect of insulin therapy. The other adverse effects of insulin therapy include weight gain and rarely electrolyte disturbances like hypokalemia, especially when used along with other drugs causing hypokalemia.
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