During a visit to the hospital, the student nurses are asked which of the following persons would most likely be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. They are correct if they answered a 44-year-old:
A. Caucasian woman.
B. Asian woman.
C. African-American woman.
D. Hispanic male.
Correct Answer: C. African-American woman.
Age-specific prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) is higher for African-Americans and Hispanics than for Caucasians. Among those younger than 75, black women had the highest incidence. T2DM varies among ethnic groups and is 2 to 6 times more prevalent in Blacks, Native Americans, Pima Indians, and Hispanic Americans compared to Whites in the United States.
Option A: Compared with Caucasians, racial minority populations are disproportionately affected by diabetes and have excessive risk for such complications as ESRD and amputations. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) found that African Americans had a higher risk of diabetic ESRD than Caucasians.
Option B: NHWs and Asian Americans have similar prevalence rates of 7.1% and 8.4%, respectively, where NHBs and Hispanic Americans overall have higher prevalence rates of 11.8% and 12.6%, respectively. Asian Indians have the highest diabetes prevalence rate (14.2%), whereas Asian Americans from Korea and Japan have the lowest diabetes prevalence rates 4.0% and 4.9%, respectively.
Option D: In the United States, T1DM rates rose in most age and ethnic groups by about 2% yearly, and rates are higher in Hispanic youth. The exact reason for this pattern remains unknown. The incidence of T1DM has been increasing worldwide. In Europe, Australia, and the Middle East, rates are rising by 2% to 5% annually.
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