Aminophylline (theophylline) is prescribed for a client with acute bronchitis. A nurse administers the medication, knowing that the primary action of this medication is to:
A. Promote expectoration.
B. Suppress the cough.
C. Relax smooth muscles of the bronchial airway.
D. Prevent infection.
Correct Answer: C. Relax smooth muscles of the bronchial airway.
Aminophylline is a bronchodilator that directly relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchial airway. Theophylline causes non-selective inhibition of type III and type IV isoenzymes of phosphodiesterase, which leads to increased tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3?,5? guanosine monophosphate concentrations, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation in lungs and pulmonary vessels, diuresis, CNS and cardiac stimulation.
Option A: Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It works by thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, clearing congestion, and making breathing easier. Mucolytics are drugs belonging to the class of mucoactive agents. They exert their effect on the mucus layer lining the respiratory tract with the motive of enhancing its clearance.
Option B: Antitussives are drugs that suppress the cough reflex. Persistent coughing can be exhausting and can cause muscle strain and further irritation of the respiratory tract. They act on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.
Option D: Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections. They either kill bacteria or stop them from reproducing, allowing the body’s natural defenses to eliminate the pathogens. Used properly, antibiotics can save lives. But growing antibiotic resistance is curbing the effectiveness of these drugs. Taking an antibiotic as directed, even after symptoms disappear, is key to curing infection and preventing the development of resistant bacteria.
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