Magnesium reabsorption is controlled by:
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Pituitary
D. Parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer: A. Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle is responsible for magnesium reabsorption. The loop of Henle appears to be the major nephron site where magnesium reabsorption is controlled. The principal factors which alter magnesium reabsorption in the loop include parathyroid hormone, changes in plasma magnesium and calcium concentration and loop diuretics.
Option B: The glomerulus, in contrast to the majority of other capillary beds, sits between two arterioles; receiving blood supply from the upstream afferent arteriole, and blood exiting downstream via the efferent arterioles (E for exit).
Option C: The pituitary endocrine gland, which is located in the bony sella turcica, is attached to the base of the brain and has a unique connection with the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland consists of two anatomically and functionally distinct regions, the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). Between these lobes lies a small region called the intermediate lobe. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland secretion
Option D: The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), a polypeptide, in response to low calcium levels detected in the blood. PTH facilitates the synthesis of active vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or vitamin D3) in the kidneys. In conjunction with calcitriol, PTH regulates calcium and phosphate.
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