Which of the following causes the majority of UTI’s in hospitalized patients?
A. Lack of fluid intake
B. Inadequate perineal care
C. Invasive procedures
D. Immunosuppression
Correct Answer: C. Invasive procedures
Invasive procedures such as catheterization can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. A lack of fluid intake could cause concentration of urine, but wouldn’t necessarily cause infection. A major risk factor for UTI is the use of a catheter. In addition, manipulation of the urethra is also a risk factor. UTI is very common after a kidney transplant; the two triggers include the use of immunosuppressive drugs and vesicoureteral reflux. Other risk factors include the use of antibiotics and diabetes mellitus.
Option A: Pathogenic bacteria ascend from the perineum, causing UTI. Women have shorter urethras than men and therefore are more susceptible to UTI. Very few uncomplicated UTIs are caused by blood-borne bacteria. Escherichia coli is the most common organism in uncomplicated UTI by a large margin.
Option B: Sexual intercourse and the use of spermicide and diaphragm are also risk factors for UTI. Frequent pelvic exams and the presence of anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract can also predispose one to UTI.
Option D: E.coli causes the majority of UTI but other organisms of importance include proteus, klebsiella, and enterococcus. The diagnosis of UTI is made from the clinical history and urinalysis, but the proper collection of the urine sample is important.
No comments:
Post a Comment