What is the primary disadvantage of using peritoneal dialysis for long-term management of chronic renal failure?
A. The danger of hemorrhage is high.
B. It cannot correct severe imbalances.
C. It is a time-consuming method of treatment.
D. The risk of contracting hepatitis is high.
Correct Answer: C. It is a time-consuming method of treatment.
The disadvantages of peritoneal dialysis in the long-term management of chronic renal failure are that it requires large blocks of time. With CCPD, which may also be called automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), a machine called an automated cycler performs three to five exchanges at night while the patient sleeps. This gives patients more flexibility during the day, but they must remain attached to the machine for 10 to 12 hours at night. In the morning, they begin one exchange with a dwell time that lasts the entire day.
Option A: The risk of hemorrhage or hepatitis is not high with PD. PD uses the thin lining of the abdomen called the peritoneum as a filter. During treatments, a cleansing fluid called dialysate is cycled into the patient’s abdomen through a small, flexible tube called a PD catheter. The dialysate absorbs or pulls extra waste and fluids from blood vessels in the abdominal lining into the peritoneal cavity where it stays in the abdomen for a specified amount of time (dwell time).
Option B: PD is effective in maintaining a client’s fluid and electrolyte balance. The PD machine then drains the fluid out of the abdomen and into a drain or waste bag and the excess wastes and fluids are removed from the body. Then, fresh dialysate is sent back into the to peritoneum to clean the blood once more. This filling and draining process is called an exchange or cycle.
Option D: PD has fewer negative side effects (such as nausea, vomiting, cramping, and weight gain) than with hemodialysis and has needle-free treatments. CAPD is peritoneal dialysis that can be done manually, without a machine, throughout the day. The patient fills his or her abdomen with dialysis solution and later drains the fluid. Gravity moves the fluid through the tube and into and out of the belly.
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