What effect does hemoglobin amount have on oxygenation status?
A. No effect
B. More hemoglobin reduces the client’s respiratory rate.
C. Low hemoglobin levels cause reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
D. Low hemoglobin levels cause increased oxygen-carrying capacity.
Correct Answer: C. Low hemoglobin levels cause reduces oxygen-carrying capacity
Hemoglobin carries oxygen to all tissues in the body. If the hemoglobin level is low, the amount of oxygen-carrying capacity is also low. More hemoglobin will increase oxygen-carrying capacity and thus increase the total amount of oxygen available in the blood. If the client has been tachypneic during exertion, or even at rest, because oxygen demand is higher than the available oxygen content, then an increase in hemoglobin may decrease the respiratory rate to normal levels.
Option A: Hemoglobin behavior is concerted in that hemoglobin with three sites occupied by oxygen is in the quaternary structure associated with the R state. The remaining open binding site has an affinity for oxygen more than 20-fold as great as that of fully deoxygenated hemoglobin binding its first oxygen.
Option B: The vast majority of oxygen transported in the blood is bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells, while a small amount is carried in blood in the dissolved form. The unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin at target tissues is regulated by a number of factors including oxygen concentration gradient, temperature, pH, and concentration of the compound 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate.
Option D: The most important measures of effective oxygen transportation are hemoglobin concentration and the oxygen saturation level, the latter often measured clinically using pulse oximetry. Insults to oxygen-carrying capacity or oxygen delivery must be rapidly corrected to prevent irreversible damage to tissues.
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