Neurological Disorders Q 25

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Problems with memory and learning would relate to which of the following lobes?

  

     A. Frontal

     B. Occipital

     C. Parietal

     D. Temporal

    

    

Correct Answer: D. Temporal

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The temporal lobe functions to regulate memory and learning problems because of the integration of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for creating declarative memories–those that can be consciously thought of and verbalized. Declarative memory can be episodic and semantic. Episodic memory is the ability to remember a specific occasion in the past in its specific time and place. Meanwhile, semantic memory is the ability to recall general facts about the world.

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Option A: The frontal lobe primarily functions to regulate thinking, planning, and judgment. It is the largest lobe, located in front of the cerebral hemispheres, and has significant functions for our body, and these are prospective memory, a type of memory that involves remembering the plans that you made, from a simple daily plan to future lifelong plans; speech and language; personality; and movement control.

Option B: The occipital lobe functions regulate vision. The role of this lobe is visual processing and interpretation. Typically based on the function and structure, the visual cortex is divided into five areas (v1-v5). The primary visual cortex (v1, BA 17) is the first area that receives the visual information from the thalamus, and its located around the calcarine sulcus. The visual cortex receives, processes, interprets the visual information, then this processed information is sent to the other regions of the brain to be further analyzed (example: inferior temporal lobe).

Option C: The parietal lobe primarily functions with sensory function. The Superior parietal lobule contains the somatosensory association (BA 5, 7) cortex which is involved in higher-order functions like motor planning action. The Inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus BA 40, angular gyrus BA 39) has the Secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), which receives the somatosensory inputs from the thalamus and the contralateral SII, and they integrate those inputs with other major modalities (examples: visual inputs, auditory inputs) to form a higher-order complex functions.

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