Which of the following values is considered normal for ICP?
A. 0 to 15 mm Hg
B. 25 mm Hg
C. 35 to 45 mm Hg
D. 120/80 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A. 0 to 15 mm Hg
Normal ICP is 0-15 mm Hg. Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a clinical condition that is associated with an elevation of the pressures within the cranium. The pressure in the cranial vault is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is normally less than 20 mm Hg.
Option B: An increase in the volume of one component will result in a decrease of volume in one or two of the other components. The clinical implication of the change in volume of the component is a decrease in cerebral blood flow or herniation of the brain.
Option C: Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the pressure gradient between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (CPP = MAP – ICP). CPP = MAP – CVP if central venous pressure is higher than intracranial pressure. CPP target for adults following severe traumatic brain injury is recommended at greater than 60 to 70 mm Hg, and a minimum CPP greater than 40 mm Hg is recommended for infants, with very limited data on normal CPP targets for children in between.
Option D: This is a normal blood pressure level. Cushing triad is a clinical syndrome consisting of hypertension, bradycardia and irregular respiration and is a sign of impending brain herniation. This occurs when the ICP is too high the elevation of blood pressure is a reflex mechanism to maintain CPP. High blood pressure causes reflex bradycardia and brain stem compromise affecting respiration.
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