Which of the following reflects the principle on which a client’s diet will most likely be based during the acute phase of MI?
A. Liquids as ordered
B. Small, easily digested meals
C. Three regular meals per day
D. NPO
Correct Answer: B. Small, easily digested meals
Recommended dietary principles in the acute phase of MI include avoiding large meals because small, easily digested foods are better tolerated. Fluids are given according to the client’s needs, and sodium restrictions may be prescribed, especially for clients with manifestations of heart failure. Cholesterol restrictions may be ordered as well.
Option A: Limit saturated fat and trans fat and replace them with the better fats, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. If there is a need to lower blood cholesterol, reduce saturated fat to no more than 5 to 6 percent of total calories. For someone eating 2,000 calories a day, that’s about 13 grams of saturated fat.
Option C: Choose foods with less sodium and prepare foods with little or no salt. To lower blood pressure, aim to eat no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day. Reducing daily intake to 1,500 mg is desirable because it can lower blood pressure even further. If the client can’t meet these goals right now, even reducing sodium intake by 1,000 mg per day can benefit blood pressure.
Option D: Clients are not prescribed a diet of liquids only or NPO unless their condition is very unstable. Choose poultry and fish without skin and prepare them in healthy ways without added saturated and trans fat. If the client chooses to eat meat, look for the leanest cuts available and prepare them in healthy and delicious ways.
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