Nurse Harry documents the presence of a scab on a client’s deep wound. The nurse identifies this as which phase of wound healing?
A. Inflammatory
B. Migratory
C. Proliferative
D. Maturation
Correct Answer: B. Migratory
The scab formation is found in the migratory phase. It is accompanied by migration of epithelial cells, synthesis of scar tissue by fibroblasts, and development of new cells that grow across the wound. Wound healing is a natural physiological reaction to tissue injury. However, wound healing is not a simple phenomenon but involves a complex interplay between numerous cell types, cytokines, mediators, and the vascular system.
Option A: In the inflammatory phase, a blood clot forms, epidermis thickens, and an inflammatory reaction occurs in the subcutaneous tissue. The inflammatory phase is characterized by hemostasis, chemotaxis, and increased vascular permeability which limits further damage, closes the wound, removes cellular debris and bacteria, and fosters cellular migration. The duration of the inflammatory stage usually lasts several days.
Option C: During the proliferative phase, the actions of the migratory phase continue and intensify, and granulation tissue fills the wound. The proliferative phase is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue, reepithelialization, and neovascularization. This phase can last several weeks.
Option D: In the maturation phase, cells and vessels return to normal and the scab sloughs off. The maturation and remodeling phase is where the wound achieves maximum strength as it matures.
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