Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
A. Circumflex artery
B. Internal mammary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
D. Right coronary artery
Correct Answer: C. Left anterior descending artery
The left anterior descending artery is the primary source of blood flow for the anterior wall of the heart. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) supplies the anterior two-thirds of the septum.[2] The LAD is one of two major branches of the LMCA, with the other being the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. Combined, these two supply blood to the left atrium and left ventricle.
Option A: The circumflex artery is responsible for blood supply to the left atrium and the posterior-lateral aspect of the left ventricle while the LAD supplies blood to the anterior portion of the left ventricle.
Option B: The internal thoracic artery, aka the internal mammary artery, supplies the breast and the anterior chest wall. The internal thoracic artery travels along the inner surface of the anterior chest wall on both sides. When it reaches the sixth or seventh intercostal cartilage, it divides into two branches, the musculophrenic and the superior epigastric arteries.
Option D: The RCA emerges from the anterior ascending aorta and supplies blood primarily to the right atrium, right ventricle. The sinoatrial nodal artery is a branch of the RCA that supplies the SA node. The RCA also supplies the AV node via a septal perforating branch in 90% of people.[1] The RCA then classically descends into smaller branches including the right posterior descending artery (PDA) and acute marginal artery.
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