Which of the following conditions is most commonly responsible for myocardial infarction?
A. Aneurysm
B. Heart failure
C. Coronary artery thrombosis
D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: C. Coronary artery thrombosis
Coronary artery thrombosis causes an inclusion of the artery, leading to myocardial death. The pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina is the rupture of the coronary artery plaque resulting in acute thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery. Thus, the thrombus forms an integral part of the atherosclerotic coronary plaques.
Option A: An aneurysm is an outpouching of a vessel and doesn’t cause an MI. Coronary artery thrombosis occurs due to rupture or erosion of preexisting coronary artery plaque, resulting in the artery’s complete occlusion. It manifests clinically as an acute coronary syndrome, including ST-elevation MI, Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina.
Option B: Heart failure is usually a result from an MI. A heart attack occurs when an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle gets blocked. The denial of oxygen and nutrients damages the heart’s muscle tissue – part of it essentially “dies.” The damaged heart tissue does not contract as well, which weakens the heart’s ability to pump blood.
Option D: Renal failure can be associated with MI but isn’t a direct cause. In acute myocardial infarction, impaired renal function may result from underlying kidney disease, acute renal failure, and the effect of drugs and contrast agents used during diagnostic procedures or treatment. These various causes may coexist, resulting in significantly worse outcomes.
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