Which of the following blood tests is most indicative of cardiac damage?
A. Lactate dehydrogenase
B. Complete blood count (CBC)
C. Troponin I
D. Creatine kinase (CK)
Correct Answer: C. Troponin I
Troponin I levels rise rapidly and are detectable within 1 hour of myocardial injury. Troponin I levels aren’t detectable in people without cardiac injury. Anything that causes damage to cardiac muscle can cause troponin to spill into the circulation. The most common cause of injury is oxygen supply and demand mismatch, which is seen in acute myocardial infarction.
Option A: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is present in almost all body tissues and not specific to the heart muscle. LDH isoenzymes are useful in diagnosing a cardiac injury. Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is present in almost all body tissues. Conditions that can cause increased LDH in the blood may include liver disease, anemia, heart attack, bone fractures, muscle trauma, cancers, and infections such as encephalitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and HIV. LDH is also a non-specific marker of tissue turnover, which is a normal metabolic process.
Option B: CBC is obtained to review blood counts, and complete chemistry is obtained to review electrolytes. The complete blood count (CBC) is a group of tests that evaluate the cells that circulate in the blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLTs). The CBC can evaluate your overall health and detect a variety of diseases and conditions, such as infections, anemia and leukemia.
Option D: Because CK levels may rise with a skeletal muscle injury, CK isoenzymes are required to detect cardiac injury. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), also known by the name creatine kinase (CK) is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of creatine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Many conditions can cause derangement in CPK levels, including rhabdomyolysis, heart disease, kidney disease, or even certain medications.
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