Medical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following procedures?
A. Cardiac catheterization
B. Coronary artery bypass surgery
C. Oral medication therapy
D. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Correct Answer: C. Oral medication therapy
Oral medication administration is a noninvasive, medical treatment for coronary artery disease. Nitrates should be given for pain relief after making sure there are no contraindications to nitrates like hypotension, RV failure, and consumption of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the past 24-48 hours. High-dose statin therapy and beta-blockers should also be initiated early. P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel) should be started based on the patient profile.
Option A: Cardiac catheterization isn’t a treatment, but a diagnostic tool. Cardiac catheterization (cardiac cath or heart cath) is a procedure to examine how well the heart is working. A thin, hollow tube called a catheter is inserted into a large blood vessel that leads to the heart.
Option B: Coronary artery bypass surgery is an invasive treatment. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgical operation where atheromatous blockages in a patient’s coronary arteries are bypassed with harvested venous or arterial conduits. The bypass restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium which, in turn, restores function, viability, and relieves anginal symptoms.
Option D: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is an invasive, surgical treatment. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a minimally invasive procedure to open blocked or stenosed coronary arteries allowing unobstructed blood flow to the myocardium. The blockages occur because of lipid-rich plaque within the arteries, diminishing blood flow to the myocardium.
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