Which of the following definitions best describes diverticulosis?
A. An inflamed outpouching of the intestine.
B. A noninflamed outpouching of the intestine.
C. The partial impairment of the forward flow of intestinal contents.
D. An abnormal protrusion of an organ through the structure that usually holds it.
Correct Answer: B. A noninflamed outpouching of the intestine.
Diverticulosis involves a noninflamed outpouching of the intestine. Diverticulosis is a clinical condition in which multiple sac-like protrusions (diverticula) develop along the gastrointestinal tract. Though diverticula may form at weak points in the walls of either the small or large intestines, the majority occur in the large intestine (most commonly the sigmoid colon).
Option B: Diverticulitis involves an inflamed outpouching. Acute diverticulitis is inflammation due to micro-perforation of a diverticulum. The diverticulum is a sac-like protrusion of the colon wall. Diverticulitis can present in about 10% to 25% of patients with diverticulosis. Diverticulitis can be simple or uncomplicated and complicated.
Option C: The partial impairment of forward flow of the intestine is an obstruction. Obstruction causes dilation of the bowel proximal to the transition point and collapses distally. A result of partial or complete blockage of digested products during obstruction is emesis. Frequent emesis can lead to fluid deficits and electrolyte abnormalities.
Option D: Abnormal protrusion of an organ is a hernia. A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. For example, the intestines may break through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. Many hernias occur in the abdomen between the chest and hips, but they can also appear in the upper thigh and groin areas.
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