If a client had irritable bowel syndrome, which of the following diagnostic tests would determine if the diagnosis is Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis?
A. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan
B. Abdominal x-ray
C. Barium swallow
D. Colonoscopy with biopsy
Correct Answer: D. Colonoscopy with biopsy
A colonoscopy with biopsy can be performed to determine the state of the colon’s mucosal layers, presence of ulcerations, and level of cytologic development. Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is made clinically with supportive findings on endoscopy, biopsy, and by negative stool examination for infectious causes. Multiple biopsies should be obtained to confirm the diagnosis.
Option A: Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis is a diagnostic imaging test used to help detect diseases of the small bowel, colon, and other internal organs and is often used to determine the cause of unexplained pain. CT scanning is fast, painless, noninvasive and accurate.
Option B: An abdominal x-ray or CT scan wouldn’t provide the cytologic information necessary to diagnose which disease it is. Abdominal x-ray is a commonly performed diagnostic x-ray examination that produces images of the organs in the abdominal cavity including the stomach, liver, intestines, and spleen.
Option C: A barium swallow doesn’t involve the intestine. The barium swallow study, also known as a barium esophagogram or esophagram, is a contrast-enhanced radiographic study commonly used to assess structural characteristics of the entire esophagus. It may be used for the diagnosis of a wide range of pathologies including esophageal motility disorders, strictures, and perforations.
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