Harry is a diabetic patient who is experiencing a reaction to alternating periods of nocturnal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The patient might be manifesting which of the following?
A. Uncontrolled diabetes
B. Somogyi phenomenon
C. Brittle diabetes
D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: B. Somogyi phenomenon
The Somogyi phenomenon manifests itself with nocturnal hypoglycemia, followed by a marked increase in glucose and an increase in ketones. The Somogyi phenomenon states that early morning hyperglycemia occurs due to a rebound effect from late-night hypoglycemia.
Option A: Uncontrolled diabetes is when blood sugar levels are consistently above 180 ml/dl or higher. It can lead to life-threatening complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), heart attack, or stroke. Chronically high blood sugar levels can damage nerves, blood vessels, and vital organs.
Option C: Brittle diabetes is diabetes that’s especially difficult to manage and often disrupts everyday life. People with brittle diabetes have severe swings in blood glucose (blood sugar). The swings can cause frequent episodes of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
Option D: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or decreased response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances.
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