A client with diabetes mellitus states, “I cannot eat big meals; I prefer to snack throughout the day.” The nurse should carefully explain that:
A. Regulated food intake is basic to control
B. Salt and sugar restriction is the main concern
C. Small, frequent meals are better for digestion
D. Large meals can contribute to a weight problem
Correct Answer: A. Regulated food intake is basic to control
An understanding of the diet is imperative for compliance. A balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats usually apportioned over three main meals and two between meals snacks need to be tailored to the client’s specific needs, with due regard for activity, diet, and therapy.
Option B: Many people with diabetes also have dyslipidemia and hypertension, making reductions in dietary intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium desirable. Therefore, the emphasis of nutrition therapy for type 2 diabetes is on lifestyle strategies to reduce glycemia, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure.
Option C: Division of food intake, three meals or smaller meals and snacks, should be based on individual preferences. Treatment with insulin or insulin secretagogues requires consistency in timing of meals and carbohydrate content.
Option D: Carbohydrate and monounsaturated fat together should provide 60–70% of energy intake. However, the metabolic profile and need for weight loss should be considered when determining the monounsaturated fat content of the diet.
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