Diabetes Mellitus Q 58

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Joko has recently been diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and asks nurse Jessica for help formulating a nutrition plan. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse make to help the client increase calorie consumption to offset absorption problems?

  

    A. Eat small meals with two or three snacks throughout the day to keep blood glucose levels steady

    B. Increase the consumption of simple carbohydrates

    C. Eating small meals with two or three snacks may be more helpful in maintaining blood glucose levels than three large meals.

    D. Skip meals to help lose weight

    

    

Correct Answer: C. Eating small meals with two or three snacks may be more helpful in maintaining blood glucose levels than three large meals.

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Eating small meals with two or three snacks may be more helpful in maintaining blood glucose levels than three large meals. Complex carbohydrates (apples, broccoli, peas, dried beans, carrots, peas, oats) decrease glucose levels/insulin needs, reduce serum cholesterol levels, and promote satiation. Food intake is scheduled according to specific insulin characteristics and individual patient responses.

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Option A: A snack at bedtime of complex carbohydrates is significant (if insulin is given in divided doses) to prevent hypoglycemia during sleep and potential Somogyi response. A consistent amount of food and time interval between meals helps prevent hypoglycemic reactions and maintain overall blood glucose control.

Option B: It is recommended that 60% of calories should be derived from carbohydrates. Carbohydrate foods have the greatest effect on the levels of blood glucose because they are digested more quickly as compared to other food sources. All carbohydrates should be taken in moderation to avoid postprandial blood glucose levels.

Option D: If the patient’s food preferences can be incorporated into the meal plan, cooperation with dietary requirements may be facilitated after discharge. A diet low in fat and high in fiber helps to control cholesterol and triglycerides. Three daily meals and an evening snack are recommended. Refined and simple sugars should be reduced, and complex carbohydrates, such as cereals, rice should be increased.

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