A male client abruptly sits up in bed, reports having difficulty breathing and has an arterial oxygen saturation of 88%. Which mode of oxygen delivery would most likely reverse the manifestations?
A. Simple mask
B. Non-rebreather mask
C. Face tent
D. Nasal cannula
Correct Answer: B. Non-rebreather mask
A non-rebreather mask can deliver levels of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) as high as 100%. Other modes — simple mask, face tent, and nasal cannula — deliver lower levels of FIO2. Non-rebreathing masks have a bag attached to the mask known as a reservoir bag, which inhalation draws from to fill the mask through a one-way valve and features ports at each side for exhalation, resulting in an ability to provide the patient with 100% oxygen at a higher LPM flow rate.
Option A: Face masks can be generally divided into simple facemasks, air-entrainment masks, and non-rebreathers. A simple facemask is a mask with no bag attached, which delivers oxygen at 5 to 8 LPM. A disadvantage of this and other full face masks is the inability of the patient to eat, drink, or easily communicate while using such a device.
Option C: Face tents are used to provide a controlled concentration of oxygen and increase moisture for patients who have facial burn or a broken nose, or who are claustrophobic. The mask covers the nose and mouth and does not create a seal around the nose. It can provide 28% to 100% O2 Flow meter should be set to deliver O2 at a minimum of 15 L/min. It is difficult to achieve high levels of oxygenation with this mask.
Option D: Nasal cannula is a thin tube, often affixed behind the ears and used to deliver oxygen directly to the nostrils from a source connected with tubing. This is the most common method of delivery for home use and provides flow rates of 2 to 6 liters per minute (LPM) comfortably, allowing the delivery of oxygen while maintaining the patient’s ability to utilize his or her mouth to talk, eat, etc.
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