The term “blue bloater” refers to which of the following conditions?
A. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
B. Asthma
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
D. Emphysema
Correct Answer: C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they have large barrel chests and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds, and, at times, circumoral cyanosis. People with chronic bronchitis are sometimes called “blue bloaters” because of their bluish-colored skin and lips. Blue bloaters often take deeper breaths but can’t take in the right amount of oxygen.
Option A: Clients with ARDS are acutely short of breath and frequently need intubation for mechanical ventilation and large amounts of oxygen. Clients with ARDS have acute symptoms and typically need large amounts of oxygen. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by poor oxygenation and non-compliant or “stiff” lungs. The disorder is associated with capillary endothelial injury and diffuse alveolar damage. Once ARDS develops, patients usually have varying degrees of pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and may subsequently develop pulmonary hypertension.
Option B: Clients with asthma don’t exhibit characteristics of chronic disease. Asthma is a common disease and has a range of severity, from a very mild, occasional wheeze to acute, life-threatening airway closure. It usually presents in childhood and is associated with other features of atopy, such as eczema and hayfever. Asthma is a condition of acute, fully reversible airway inflammation, often following exposure to an environmental trigger.
Option D: Clients with emphysema appear pink and cachectic (a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting). Emphysema comes on very gradually and is irreversible. People with emphysema are sometimes called “pink puffers” because they have difficulty catching their breath and their faces redden while gasping for air.
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