Which of the following clinical conditions exacerbates electrolyte excretion?
A. Nasogastric feedings
B. Use of surgical drains
C. Immobility from fractures
D. Chronic water drinking
Correct Answer: B. Use of surgical drains
Surgical drains will cause fluid loss, and electrolytes are eliminated along with the fluid. The role of the potassium ion is ordinarily not a consideration in postoperative fluid management. It becomes a consideration in the presence of a large amount of drainage from wounds or abscess cavities, nasogastric suction, or intestinal fistulae. It also must be given attention in cases in which parenteral administration of fluids is necessary for a prolonged period.
Option A: Gastrointestinal losses, from diarrhea, vomiting, or nasogastric suctioning, also are common causes of hypokalemia. Vomiting leads to hypokalemia via a complex pathogenesis. Gastric fluid itself contains little potassium, approximately 10 mEq/L.
Option C: Although the concept of “hyponatremia” is seemingly straightforward for many clinicians, some challenges remain regarding the diagnostic thresholds, the distinction between real and pseudohyponatremia, and its relation to human pathologies, including bone fractures.
Option D: Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and calcium) need to be in balance in order to maintain healthy blood, heart rhythm, muscle function, and other important functions. Drinking too much water can cause the electrolyte levels in the body to get out of whack and cause sodium levels plummet.
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