Which of the following statements provides the rationale for using a hypotonic solution for a patient with FVD?
A. A hypotonic solution provides free water to help the kidneys eliminate the solute.
B. A hypotonic solution supplies an excess of sodium and chloride ions.
C. Excessive volumes are recommended in the early postoperative period.
D. A hypotonic solution is used to treat hyponatremia.
Correct Answer: A. A hypotonic solution provides free water to help the kidneys eliminate the solute.
Hypotonic solutions provide free water, which helps the kidneys eliminate solute. A solution that contains fewer dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes) than is found in normal cells and blood. Hypotonic solutions are commonly used to give fluids intravenously to hospitalized patients in order to treat or avoid dehydration.
Option B: If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume. If the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane, then that solution is hypotonic to the cell.
Option C: If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, there will be a net flow of water out of the cell, and the cell will lose volume. A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane.
Option D: In severely symptomatic hyponatremia, administer 3% sodium chloride; 100 mL intravenous (IV) bolus (repeat up to twice if symptoms persist). In mild to moderately symptomatic hyponatremia, 3% Sodium chloride, slow infusion (use sodium deficit formula to calculate the rate of infusion but recalculate rate with frequent sodium monitoring).
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