A patient is experiencing which type of incontinence if she experiences leaking urine when she coughs, sneezes, or lifts heavy objects?
A. Overflow
B. Reflex
C. Stress
D. Urge
Correct Answer: C. Stress
Stress incontinence is an involuntary loss of a small amount of urine due to sudden increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as with coughing or sneezing. Stress incontinence happens when physical movement or activity — such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting — puts pressure (stress) on the bladder, causing to leak urine.
Option A: Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is overdistended and reaches its limit of compliance. At this point, the intravesical pressure exceeds the resting urethral closure pressure and urine overflows despite the absence of detrusor contraction. Patients experience a sense of incomplete emptying, slow-flowing urine, and urinary dribbling.
Option B: Reflex incontinence is due to neurologic impairment of the central nervous system. Common neurologic disorders associated with reflex incontinence include stroke, Parkinson disease, and brain tumors. Reflex incontinence also occurs in patients with spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis. When patients with suprapontine or suprasacral spinal cord lesions present with symptoms of urge incontinence, this is known as detrusor hyperreflexia.
Option D: People who experience urge incontinence get a strong feeling to urinate even when the bladder isn’t full. This can occur in both men and women and involves a strong urge to urinate, often followed by loss of urine before reaching the toilet.
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