Which of the following symptoms is common in clients with TB?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased appetite
C. Dyspnea on exertion
D. Mental status changes
Correct Answer: A. Weight loss
TB typically produces anorexia and weight loss. Other signs and symptoms may include fatigue, low-grade fever, and night sweats. Secondary tuberculosis differs in clinical presentation from the primary progressive disease. In secondary disease, the tissue reaction and hypersensitivity is more severe, and patients usually form cavities in the upper portion of the lungs.
Option B: Constitutional symptoms like fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, and night sweats are commonly reported. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can affect any organ and can have a varied presentation.
Option C: Physical examination depends on the organs involved. In the case of pulmonary TB, a patient can have crepitations, and bronchial breath sounds, especially over the upper lobes or affected area indicating cavity or consolidation.
Option D: The presentation of secondary tuberculosis is different from that of primary progressive disease as the hypersensitivity, and tissue reaction is more severe in secondary tuberculosis. Primary tuberculosis often causes middle and lower lung field opacities associated with mediastinal adenopathy. Whereas secondary tuberculosis commonly involves upper lobes, causing opacities, cavities, or fibrotic scar tissue.
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