Clients with chronic illnesses are more likely to get pneumonia when which of the following situations is present?
A. Dehydration
B. Group living
C. Malnutrition
D. Severe periodontal disease
Correct Answer: B. Group living
Clients with chronic illnesses generally have poor immune systems. Often, residing in group living situations increases the chance of disease transmission. Pneumonia is a fairly prevalent disease and carries a heavy burden in all populations. A study carried out by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) aimed at estimating its burden in North America found that CAP accounted for the eighth leading cause of mortality in the United States and the seventh leading cause of mortality in Canada after adjusting for various gender and age differences.
Option A: Pneumonia can also cause dehydration from fever and decreased thirst and appetite, which may require treatment with extra fluids intravenously. Potential benefits of fluids are replacing fluid lost because of fever or rapid breathing, treating dehydration, and reducing the viscosity of mucus.
Option C: Pneumonia is common in malnourished children and is frequently associated with fatal outcomes, especially in children younger than 24 months of age. Studies consistently reported a two- to threefold greater risk of mortality in cases with pneumonia associated with malnutrition. Therefore, pneumonia and malnutrition are two of the biggest killers in childhood diseases.
Option D: Various pathogenic bacteria have been found in patients with deep periodontal pockets. The association between periodontal disease and pneumonia may be due to colonization by pathogenic bacteria in the periodontal pocket, as inhalation of a pathogen is considered a risk factor for pneumonia.
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