The nurse is discussing the purpose of an electroencephalogram (EEG) with the family of a client with massive cerebral hemorrhage and loss of consciousness. It would be most accurate for the nurse to tell family members that the test measures which of the following conditions?
A. Extent of intracranial bleeding.
B. Sites of brain injury.
C. Activity of the brain.
D. Percent of functional brain tissue.
Correct Answer: C. Activity of the brain.
An EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an essential tool that studies the brain’s electrical activity. It is primarily used to assess seizures and conditions that may mimic seizures. It is also useful to classify seizure types, assess comatose patients in the intensive care unit, and evaluate encephalopathies, among other indications.
Option A: Extent of intracranial bleeding would be determined by CT or MRI. CT scans can be used to identify disease or injury within various regions of the body. For example, CT has become a useful screening tool for detecting possible tumors or lesions within the abdomen. A CT scan of the heart may be ordered when various types of heart disease or abnormalities are suspected. CT can also be used to image the head in order to locate injuries, tumors, clots leading to stroke, hemorrhage, and other conditions.
Option B: MR Imaging is a procedure, without the use of x-rays and “ionizing” radiation for obtaining comprehensive images of tissues and organs throughout the human body. In contrast to CT that uses x-ray beams, MRI employs a high strength main magnetic field, magnetic field gradients, radio waves, and a computer to generate images that show if there is a disease process, or pathological condition and an injury present.
Option D: Percent of functional brain tissue would be determined by a series of tests. Electroencephalography, or EEG, is probably the second-best known technique for recording neural activity. Whereas fMRI records blood flow, a proxy of neuron activation, EEG directly records the brain’s electrical activity via electrodes placed on the scalp of the subject.
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