Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
A. Circumflex artery
B. Internal mammary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
D. Right coronary artery
Correct Answer: C. Left anterior descending artery
The left anterior descending artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of the heart. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) supplies the anterior two-thirds of the septum. The LAD is one of two major branches of the LMCA, with the other being the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. Combined, these two supply blood to the left atrium and left ventricle.
Option A: The circumflex artery is responsible for blood supply to the left atrium and the posterior-lateral aspect of the left ventricle while the LAD supplies blood to the anterior portion of the left ventricle. Other small branches of the coronary arteries are the obtuse marginal artery (OMA), diagonals, and septal perforator (SP).
Option B: The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall, the internal mammary artery supplies the mammary, and the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall of the heart. The LMCA supplies blood to the left side of the heart. The LAD provides blood to the anterior ventricular septum and the greater portion of the anterior portion of the left ventricle.
Option D: The RCA emerges from the anterior ascending aorta and supplies blood primarily to the right atrium, right ventricle. The sinoatrial nodal artery is a branch of the RCA that supplies the SA node. The RCA also supplies the AV node via a septal perforating branch in 90% of people.
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