Hypertension is known as the silent killer. This phrase is associated with the fact that hypertension often goes undetected until symptoms of other system failures occur. This may occur in the form of:
A. Cerebrovascular accident
B. Liver disease
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Pulmonary disease
Correct Answer: A. Cerebrovascular accident
Hypertension is referred to as the silent killer for adults, because until the adult has significant damage to other systems, hypertension may go undetected. CVA’s can be related to long-term hypertension. Large-scale meta-analyses have also shown the rising CVD and vascular disease risk with a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, with almost doubling the risk of death from heart disease and stroke with rising SBP of as much as 20 and DBP of 10mmHg.
Option B: A diseased liver can cause portal hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the portal vein. The portal vein supplies the liver with blood. Over time, this pressure causes blood vessels to grow, called collateral blood vessels. These vessels act as channels to divert the blood under high pressure.
Option D: Pulmonary disease is generally not associated with hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare lung disorder in which the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs become narrowed, making it difficult for blood to flow through the vessels. As a result, the blood pressure in these arteries — called pulmonary arteries — rises far above normal levels.
Option C: Myocardial infarction is generally related to coronary artery disease. There is linear increase in risk of MI with an increase in blood pressure status. HTN particularly raises the risk of MI in people under 65 years. Commonest basis for MI is atherosclerotic disease of coronaries with thrombosis, spasm, or plaque rupture, the precipitating entity being atheroma.
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