Proton pump inhibitors cause:
A. Gastric ulcer formation
B. GERD
C. Achlorhydria
D. Diverticulosis
Correct Answer: C. Achlorhydria
Because the proton pump inhibitors stop the final step of acid secretion, they can block up to 90% of acid secretion, leading to achlorhydria (without acid). Achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria refers to conditions in which production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is respectively absent or reduced. It is usually secondary to an underlying medical condition. Short-term standard-dose treatment with PPI has been shown to have low risk, but long-term use of PPI has been linked to hypochlorhydria.
Option A: The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve). Stress and spicy foods do not cause peptic ulcers.
Option B: GERD is caused by frequent acid reflux. When one swallows, a circular band of muscle around the bottom of the esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow into the stomach. Then the sphincter closes again. If the sphincter relaxes abnormally or weakens, stomach acid can flow back up into the esophagus. This constant backwash of acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, often causing it to become inflamed.
Option D: Diverticulosis is thought to occur due to peristalsis abnormalities (e.g., intestinal spasms), intestinal dyskinesia, or high segmental intraluminal pressures. Although the exact cause is unknown, some environmental and lifestyle risk factors have been linked to this condition.
No comments:
Post a Comment