A client with rectal cancer may exhibit which of the following symptoms?
A. Abdominal fullness
B. Gastric fullness
C. Rectal bleeding
D. Right upper quadrant pain
Correct Answer: C. Rectal bleeding
Rectal bleeding is a common symptom of rectal cancer. Rectal cancer may be missed because other conditions such as hemorrhoids can cause rectal bleeding. Symptoms according to tumor location on the clinical presentation of rectosigmoid are more frequently associated with a change in bowel habits (diminish stool caliber), bright red blood per rectum (hematochezia), pain (tenesmus), leakage diarrhea (mucus discharge), and constipation (obstruction).
Option A: Abdominal fullness may occur with colon cancer. Physical examination should explore signs of ascites, hepatomegaly, and lymphadenopathy and must extend to a digital rectal exam for fixed mass. A thorough family history is of great relevance in identifying familial clusters and inherited patterns that would change the surveillance and therapy of a high-risk patient.
Option B: Gastric fullness may occur with gastric cancer. The most common physical examination finding is a palpable abdominal mass indicating advanced disease. The patient may also present with signs of metastatic lymphatic spread distribution, including Virchow’s node (left supraclavicular adenopathy), Sister Mary Joseph node (periumbilical nodule), and Irish node (left axillary node).
Option D: Right upper quadrant pain may occur with liver cancer. Most patients are initially asymptomatic from hepatocellular carcinoma but often present with related symptoms due to chronic liver disease. Patients may complain of upper abdominal discomfort and distention, weight loss, fever, poor appetite, early satiety, diarrhea, and other symptoms.
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