During a visit to a community, the nurse will recommend routine screening for diabetes when the person has one or more of seven risk criteria. Which of the following persons that the nurse comes in contact with most needs to be screened for diabetes based on the seven risk criteria?
A. A client with an HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg/dl and a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dl
B. A woman who is at 90% of standard body weight after delivering an eight-pound baby
C. A middle-aged Caucasian male
D. An older client who is hypotensive
Correct Answer: A. A client with an HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg/dl and a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dl
The seven risk criteria include: greater than 120% of standard bodyweight, certain races but not including Caucasian, delivery of a baby weighing more than 9 pounds or a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, hypertensive, HDL greater than 35 mg/dl or triglyceride level greater than 250 or a triglyceride level of greater than 250 mg/dl, and, lastly, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose on prior testing.
Option B: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends opportunistic screening of adults of any age with a body mass index ?25 kg/m2 and additional risk factors, which include physical inactivity, a first-degree relative with diabetes, high-risk race/ethnicity, etc.
Option C: Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was highest among American Indians/Alaska Natives (14.7%), people of Hispanic origin (12.5%), and non-Hispanic blacks (11.7%), followed by non-Hispanic Asians (9.2%) and non-Hispanic whites (7.5%).
Option D: Postural hypotension occurs when something interrupts this natural response, such as dehydration, which is a common problem for people with less well-controlled diabetes as a result of frequent urination.
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