Which of the following diets would be most appropriate for a client with COPD?
A. Low fat, low cholesterol
B. Bland, soft diet
C. Low-Sodium diet
D. High calorie, high-protein diet
Correct Answer: D. High-calorie, high-protein diet
The client should eat high-calorie, high-protein meals to maintain nutritional status and prevent weight loss that results from the increased work of breathing. The client should be encouraged to eat small, frequent meals. Eat 20 to 30 grams of fiber each day, from items such as bread, pasta, nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables. Eat a good source of protein at least twice a day to help maintain strong respiratory muscles. Good choices include milk, eggs, cheese, meat, fish, poultry, nuts and dried beans or peas.
Option A: A low-fat, low-cholesterol diet is indicated for clients with coronary artery disease. Choose mono- and poly-unsaturated fats, which do not contain cholesterol. These are fats that are often liquid at room temperature and come from plant sources, such as canola, safflower and corn oils.
Option B: Metabolism of carbohydrates produces the most carbon dioxide for the amount of oxygen used; metabolism of fat produces the least. For some people with COPD, eating a diet with fewer carbohydrates and more fat helps them breathe easier.
Option C: The client with COPD does not necessarily need to follow a sodium-restricted diet, unless otherwise medically indicated. Choose complex carbohydrates, such as whole-grain bread and pasta, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Limit simple carbohydrates, including table sugar, candy, cake, and regular soft drinks.
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