Which of the following individuals would the nurse consider to have the highest priority for receiving an influenza vaccination?
A. A 60-year-old man with a hiatal hernia.
B. A 36-year-old woman with 3 children.
C. A 50-year-old woman caring for a spouse with cancer.
D. A 60-year-old woman with osteoarthritis.
Correct Answer: C. A 50-year-old woman caring for a spouse with cancer.
Individuals who are household members or home care providers for high-risk individuals are high-priority targeted groups for immunization against influenza to prevent transmission to those who have a decreased capacity to deal with the disease. The wife who is caring for a husband with cancer has the highest priority of the clients described.
Option A: In certain groups, including the elderly, immune-compromised individuals and infants, the influenza vaccine is less effective, but it is beneficial by reducing the incidence of severe disease, like bronchopneumonia, and reduces hospital admission and mortality.
Option B: Regarding immunization in pregnancy, a randomized controlled trial conducted in South Africa has shown that when pregnant women receive the influenza vaccine, it halves their risk of developing influenza while reducing the risk of their infants (up to 24 weeks) contracting the illness.
Option D: Influenza vaccine conveys immunity against the influenza virus by stimulating the production of antibodies specific to the disease. Antibodies to NA act by aggregating viruses on the cell surface effectively and reducing the amount of virus released from infected cells.
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