It’s highly recommended that clients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema have Pneumovax and flu vaccinations for which of the following reasons?
A. All clients are recommended to have these vaccines.
B. These vaccines produce bronchodilation and improve oxygenation.
C. These vaccines help reduce the tachypnea these clients experience.
D. Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in these clients.
Correct Answer: D. Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in these clients.
It’s highly recommended that clients with respiratory disorders be given vaccines to protect against respiratory infection. Infections can cause these clients to need intubation and mechanical ventilation, and it may be difficult to wean these clients from the ventilator. Another pneumococcal vaccine, PPSV23, is indicated in the United States for all adults 65 years of age and older, as well as younger patients with conditions that increase the risk for developing pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive pneumococcal disease. Conditions that would indicate PPSV23 in patients younger than 65 years of age are as follows: chronic heart disease excluding hypertension, chronic lung disease including asthma, diabetes mellitus, cerebrospinal fluid leak, cochlear implant, alcohol use disorder, chronic liver disease, cigarette smoking, hemoglobinopathy (including sickle cell disease), etc.
Option A: Recommendations are that all patients who received PPSV23 before the age of 65 years be revaccinated at age 65 unless the vaccine is given less than ten years before the patient turns 65 years old, in which case patients should be revaccinated ten years following the first dose. Recommendations are that patients with functional or anatomic asplenia or immunocompromised individuals receive repeat doses of the vaccination every ten years after the first dose.
Option B: The vaccines have no effect on bronchodilation or respiratory care. Both vaccines promote active immunization against the serotypes of the conjugate and capsular polysaccharides contained in the formulation of the vaccine. Immunity develops approximately 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination and lasts for five years. In children and the elderly, re-immunization may be necessary sooner.
Option C: Studies done on animals have not shown fetal adverse effects or increased risk to the fetus. It is unknown if the vaccine is excreted with breast milk. Caution is necessary when administering this vaccine to breastfeeding women. There is no overdose risk with the administration of the vaccine.
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