Which of the following hormones helps regulate chloride reabsorption?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Renin
C. Estrogen
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D. Aldosterone
Chloride reabsorption depends on sodium reabsorption, which is regulated by aldosterone in the distal tubule and collecting ducts. It affects blood pressure by regulating the amount of sodium (and the chloride that diffuses with sodium across the membranes) by increasing or decreasing the total amount of volume in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
Option A: Antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption by stimulating insertion of “water channels” or aquaporins into the membranes of kidney tubules. These channels transport solute-free water through tubular cells and back into blood, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolarity and an increased osmolarity of urine.
Option B: It plays an essential role in the rate-limiting step of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), responsible for the homeostasis of blood volume and mean arterial blood pressure. Renin also acts as a hormone, binding to pro-renin receptors, causing an increase in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Option C: Estrogen is a steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics. Estrogen or estradiol is the most common form of estrogen hormone for FDA-approved treatment as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the management of symptoms associated with menopause.
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