Mr. McPartlin suffered abrasions and lacerations after a vehicular accident. He was hospitalized and was treated for a couple of weeks. When planning care for a client with cellular injury, the nurse should consider which scientific rationale?
A. Nutritional needs remain unchanged for the well-nourished adult.
B. Age is an insignificant factor in cellular repair.
C. The presence of infection may slow the healing process.
D. Tissue with inadequate blood supply may heal faster.
Correct Answer: C. The presence of infection may slow the healing process.
Infection impairs wound healing. Adequate blood supply is essential for healing. If inadequate, healing is slowed. Simplistically, cell injury disrupts cellular homeostasis. Cells are injured by numerous and diverse causes (etiologic agents) from intrinsic and extrinsic sources; however, all of these causes and they number in the thousands, activate one or more of four final common biochemical mechanisms leading to cell injury.
Option A: Nutritional needs, including protein and caloric needs, increase for all clients undergoing cellular repair because adequate protein and caloric intake is essential to optimal cellular repair. Nutritional deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances all predispose the cell to injury.
Option B: Elderly clients may have decreased blood flow to the skin, organ atrophy and diminished function, and altered immunity. These conditions slow cellular repair and increase the risk of infection. Cells and tissues age because of accumulated damage to their proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Much of the damage of aging is attributed to ROS, DNA mutations, and cellular senescence
Option D: Anything that decreases the supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the cell or that damages mitochondria directly halts oxidative phosphorylation, leading to rapid depletion of ATP, even in those cells that can switch to anaerobic glycolysis. The ATP depletion results in additional cell damage by causing failure of energy-dependent enzymes, in particular, the cell membrane adenosine triphosphatase ion pumps that control cell volume and electrolyte balance.
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