Patient X is diagnosed with constipation. As a knowledgeable nurse, which nursing intervention is appropriate for maintaining normal bowel function?
A. Assessing dietary intake
B. Decreasing fluid intake
C. Providing limited physical activity
D. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing
Correct Answer: A. Assessing dietary intake
Assessing dietary intake provides a foundation for the client’s usual practices and may help determine if the client is prone to constipation or diarrhea. Check out usual dietary habits, eating habits, eating schedule, and liquid intake. Irregular mealtime, type of food, and interruption of the usual schedule can lead to constipation. Assist the patient to take at least 20 g of dietary fiber (e.g., raw fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains) per day.
Option B: Fluid intake should be increased to aid bowel elimination. Encourage the patient to take in fluid 2000 to 3000 mL/day, if not contraindicated medically. Sufficient fluid is needed to keep the fecal mass soft. But take note of some patients or older patients having cardiovascular limitations requiring less fluid intake.
Option C: Limited physical activity may contribute to constipation due to decreased peristalsis. Assess the patient’s activity level. Sedentary lifestyles such as sitting all day, lack of exercise, prolonged bed rest, and inactivity contribute to constipation.
Option D: Turning, coughing and deep breathing help promote gas exchange. Urge the patient for some physical activity and exercise. Consider isometric abdominal and gluteal exercises. Movement promotes peristalsis. Abdominal exercises strengthen abdominal muscles that facilitate defecation.
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