Tonometry is performed on the client with a suspected diagnosis of glaucoma. The nurse analyzes the test results as documented in the client’s chart and understands that normal intraocular pressure is:
A. 2-7 mmHg
B. 10-21 mmHg
C. 22-30 mmHg
D. 31-35 mmHg
Correct Answer: B. 10-21 mmHg
Tonometry is the method of measuring intraocular fluid pressure using a calibrated instrument that indents or flattens the corneal apex. Pressures between 10 and 21 mmHg are considered within the normal range. Tonometry is a common procedure employed by ophthalmologists to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) using a calibrated instrument. Instruments measuring intraocular pressure assume the eye is a closed globe with uniform pressure distributed throughout the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity.
Option A: 2-7 mmHg is low intraocular pressure. Tonometry is used to measure intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma, acute closed-angle glaucoma, in the setting of ocular trauma without globe rupture, and before and after ophthalmic surgical procedures.
Option C: 22-30 mmHg indicates an increased intraocular pressure. Measurement of intraocular pressure is important in the screening and monitoring of glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy that can be slowed with intraocular pressure reduction. Intraocular pressure is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression at this time
Option D: 31-35 mmHg is high intraocular pressure. Tonometry is also used to evaluate for acutely elevated intraocular pressure as seen in acute-angle closure glaucoma and following ocular trauma. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is an ophthalmic emergency requiring immediate intervention to lower IOP and avoid vision loss.
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